Waist circumference related to systolic hypertension, and fat intake to diastolic hypertension in Mexican children aged 8-10 years
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As a result of the global rise in obesity, essential hypertension is becoming the main cause of hypertension in childhood. Isolated systolic hypertension is characteristic of the early stage of obesity-related hypertension. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to determine the anthropometric, physical activity, and dietary factors associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a group of 626 boys and 613 girls from 23 public schools of low socioeconomic status in Mexico City. Among the study population, 3.6% had systolic hypertension, 14.2% diastolic hypertension, and 22.8 mixed hypertension. The higher values of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and prevalence of overweight and obesity were more common among children with mixed hypertension, followed by those with systolic hypertension. Children with diastolic and mixed hypertension had an elevated intake of dietary total fat. Moreover, per each 1 cm increase in waist circumference, there was an adjusted odds ratio of 1.06 for systolic hypertension; total fat intake >35% of daily energy showed an adjusted OR of 2.61 for diastolic hypertension. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension was high in this group of Mexican school-aged children of low socioeconomic status, with waist circumference being the main factor associated with systolic hypertension, and higher intake of total fat the main factor associated with diastolic hypertension.
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