Effects of a low-glycaemic index versus a high-cereal fibre diet on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes
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As glucose-lowering therapies in type 2 diabetes have not demonstrated cardiovascular benefit associated with glucose control, this randomized parallel group study was designed to investigate the effects of a low-glycaemic index diet on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 210 participants with type 2 diabetes treated with antihyperglycaemic medications were randomly assigned to receive either a high-cereal fibre or a low-glycaemic index diet for 6 months. HbA1c decreased by -0.18% in the high-cereal fibre diet compared with -0.50% in the low-glycaemic index diet, the difference being statistically significant (P<0.001). In the low-glycaemic index diet, there was an increase of HDL cholesterol by 1.7 mg/dL compared with a decrease of HDL cholesterol by -0.2 mg/dL in the high-cereal fibre diet. The reduction in dietary glycaemic index was positively correlated with the reduction in HbA1c concentration and negatively correlated with the increase in HDL cholesterol. In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes, a 6-month intervention with a low-glycaemic index diet was associated with a moderately lower HbA1c level compared with a high-cereal fibre diet.
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