Hyperinsulinaemia may account for the association of overweight and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in prediabetes
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Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are considered as “prediabetes”. In this study, the prevalences of IFG, IGT, and prediabetes were estimated among US adolescents using data from participants aged 12-19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. The unadjusted prevalence of IFG was 13.1%, that of IGT 3.4% and that of prediabetes 16.1%. Boys had a 2.4-fold higher prevalence of prediabetes than girls, non-Hispanic Blacks a lower rate than non-Hispanic Whites, and adolescents aged 16-19 years a lower rate than those aged 12-15 years. Furthermore, overweight adolescents had a 2.6-fold higher prevalence than those with normal weight, adolescents with two or more cardiovascular risk factors a 2.7-fold higher rate than those with none, and adolescents with hyperinsulinaemia a 4.0-fold higher prevalence than those without. After adjusting for hyperinsulinaemia, neither overweight nor number of cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with prediabetes. In conclusion, hyperinsulinaemia (an adaptation e.g. to chronic insulin resistance) appears to be independently associated with prediabetes, possibly accounting for the association between overweight and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and prediabetes.
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