Differences in cardiovascular risk factors among youths with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic controls
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Type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome are becoming increasingly prevalent in younger-age strata from the general population. Data from 106 multi-ethnic youths with type 2 diabetes and 189 without diabetes, aged 10-22 years, were analyzed in order to compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and investigate whether demographic, behavioural (saturated fat intake and physical activity) or metabolic (adiposity and glycaemia) factors might account for the observed differences. Youths presenting with type 2 diabetes exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, obesity, enlarged waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and high albumin-creatinine ratio when compared to controls. Moreover, youths with type 2 diabetes had also significantly higher levels of apolipoprotein B, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, and leptin, significantly lower adiponectin levels, and significantly denser LDLs. After adjusting for BMI, waist circumference, and haemoglobin A1c, these differences in CVD risk factors between both groups were substantially attenuated, except for fibrinogen and IL-6. In conclusion, youths with type 2 diabetes have a less favourable CVD risk factor profile compared to nondiabetic counterparts, with adiposity and glycaemia being important contributors to between-group differences in CVD risk profiles.
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