Effects of dietary carbohydrate, glycaemic index and glycaemic load on the risk of metabolic syndrome in a Korean population
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To date, the effect of dietary carbohydrate, glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) on the risk of developing metabolic syndrome is not well known, especially in populations with white rice as the staple food. The cross-sectional relationship between dietary carbohydrate, GI, GL and risk of harbouring metabolic syndrome was investigated in 910 middle-aged Korean adults, dietary carbohydrates being assessed by an interview-administered food frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the risk of having a metabolic syndrome phenotype (modified criteria, NCEP ATP III definition) was positively related to high dietary carbohydrate, GI and GL intakes in women. Among women with a BMI≥25 kg/m2, the risk of harbouring a metabolic syndrome was markedly higher in the highest quintiles of carbohydrate, GI and GL intakes as compared to the lowest quintiles. Among women with a BMI<25 kg/m2, there was no difference in risk across quintiles of carbohydrate, GI and GL intakes. The study results show that both the quantity and the quality of carbohydrate intake appear to be positively related to the risk of having a metabolic syndrome in women, although this association was dependent on BMI level.
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